Ancient History

In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang became the first emperor of a unified China, creating the administrative framework of a country that has endured for over two thousand years and beginning the construction of the Great Wall.

Great Zimbabwe was a medieval stone city that served as the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe between the 11th and 15th centuries, the largest ancient structure in sub-Saharan Africa.

Founded by Phoenician settlers around 814 BC, Carthage became the dominant commercial and naval power of the western Mediterranean before its destruction by Rome.

In the fertile valley between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, humanity's first cities, writing system, legal codes, and organised religion were born.

The Indus Valley Civilisation was one of the world's earliest urban societies, featuring advanced city planning, sanitation systems, and a still-undeciphered script.

In the 5th century BC, the Athenian statesman Cleisthenes reformed the polis into the world's first democratic government, giving ordinary citizens a direct voice in their own governance.

Built around 2560 BC as a tomb for Pharaoh Khufu, the Great Pyramid stood as the tallest man-made structure on Earth for over 3,800 years.