India

A richly pigmented Mughal miniature painting on paper depicting royal lovers in a garden landscape, ink, colours and gold on paper. Mughal period, India, 17th century — from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Open Access collection.

Mohandas Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolent resistance transformed the Indian independence movement and provided a model for social change that inspired movements from the American Civil Rights struggle to anti-apartheid campaigns.

The Mughal Empire ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for over three centuries, creating an extraordinary synthesis of Persian, Turkic, and Indian culture that produced the Taj Mahal.

Under Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC, the Maurya Empire controlled most of the Indian subcontinent and produced one of the most remarkable transformations in the history of political leadership: a conqueror who renounced war.